First “Misleading” Impressions

Cypress Ranch High School Ms. Piotrowsky third Period English K/Dual First â€Å"Misleading† Impression In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice the most widely recognized and simultaneous topic is presumably the topic of early introduction. The whole novel, from start to finish, goes around ends produced using initial introductions and how, in cases, they are incorrect. Truth be told, the primary recommendation for the title of the novel was First Impressions not Pride and Prejudice. As the subject of the novel advances, characters understand that their decisions establish dependent on first connections were flawed.As this occurs, new connections create. Jane Austen even causes the peruser to accept or make its own initial introductions just to later understand that they weren't right. During this timeframe, the possibility of riches and class was transcendent among society; along these lines, most early introductions depended on the measure of cash an individual had or on his/her family line. The primary subject of early introductions goes around â€Å"Elizabeth, the champion, and Darcy, her inevitable spouse, the main obstruction dwells in the book’s unique title: First Impressions. (Sherry, Pride and Prejudice cutoff points of society) At the ball, Mr. Bingley supports Mr. Darcy to hit the dance floor with Elizabeth however he declines by expressing, â€Å"she is decent, yet not attractive enough to entice him† (Austen 13); and Elizabeth’s initial introduction about Mr. Darcy is that â€Å" he is glad, over his organization, or more being pleased† (Austen 17). The peruser comprehends that physical appearance isn't the main factor that drives Mr. Darcy towards that conclusion, however her absence of riches and her immense family are. All through the novel the peruser encounters acknowledge and changes of views.At first Austen establish the peruser make bogus connections, similarly as the characters in the novel, just to later understand that the conclusions the peruser had about the characters were defective. Numerous pundits concur that â€Å"†¦In this novel by Jane Austen, we don’t just perceive how initial introductions influence connections, however we additionally perceive how the characters in this story experience change through their encounters of early introductions, pride and partiality. † (Stasio, An Evolutionary Approach to Jane Austen). Incidentally enough, Elizabeth acknowledges â€Å"that they had completely mixed up Mr.Darcy’s character† (Austen 219). What from the start was an inclination of string shock towards each other gradually turned into a sentiment of fascination. As the novel advances, various occasions happen that go to the last change of Elizabeth’s early introductions. She learns through various sources that Mr. Darcy isn't the man she trusts him to be; and that a large portion of the bits of gossip she has gotten notification (f rom Mr. Wickham) are turned certainties. Toward the end, as the last procedure of her acknowledgment, she says that â€Å"†¦Vanity, not love, has been my folly.Pleased with the inclination of one, and outraged by the disregard of the other, on the earliest reference point of our colleague, I have sought predisposition [pride] and obliviousness, and driven explanation away where either were concerned. Till this second, I never knew myself. † Austen differentiates the topic of early introduction with the relationship that creates toward the start of the novel between Mr. Bingley and Jane. She builds up a relationship based â€Å"in a dream of adoration where ladies and men care about one another with an enthusiastic tenderness.Jane and Bingley have a characteristic similarity for each other. † (Bonaparte, Conjecturing Possibilities) In this relationship, there are no sentiments of covetousness or avarice on the grounds that â€Å"It was commonly apparent, at whatev er point they met, that he admired her; and to her it was similarly clear that Jane was respecting the inclination which she had started to engage for him from the first, and was in an approach to be particularly enamored. † (Austen 22). Neither of them was concerned with riches, class or family legacy. Then again, Mr. Bingley’s sister, Caroline, and his companion Mr.Darcy accept that Jane’s family was not sufficiently high in the social stepping stool and along these lines she didn't merit him. They even attempted to mediate in their relationship by separating them, however toward the end they wind up wedding one another. There is no uncertainty that Jane Austen needed to introduce a feeling of acknowledgment with respect to first and bogus impressions in the perusers mind. Pride and Prejudice assists society with seeing how it carries on through genuine models created by anecdotal characters, for example, Jane, Elizabeth, Mr. Darcy, etc.Pride and Prejudice is a n indication of dissent Austen uses to defy her general public and its reliance on initial introductions. She attempts to cause us to comprehend that quite often early introductions aren't right. Nonetheless, she isn't suggesting that society ought to dispense with them from society, yet rather sabotage and challenge them since they are not so much obvious. WORKS CITED Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. 1813. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001 Bonaparte, Felicia. â€Å"CONJECTURING POSSIBILITIES: READING AND MISREADING TEXTS IN JANE AUSTEN'S PRIDE AND PREJUDICE. Pride and Prejudice. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001. Web. ;http://content. ebscohost. com/pdf10/pdf/2005/SNV/01Jun05/17682767. pdf? T=P;P=AN;K=17682767;S=R;D=a9h;EbscoContent=dGJyMNHr7ESep644v%2BbwOLCmr0mep7FSrqm4S7OWxWXS;ContentCustomer=dGJyMOzprk%2B2qLZNuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA;. Sherry, James. â€Å"Pride and Prejudice: Limits of Society. † Pride and Prejudice. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001. Web. ;http://content. ebscohost. com/pd f25_26/pdf/1979/SLT/01Sep79/4721658. pdf?T=P;P=AN;K=4721658;S=R;D=a9h;EbscoContent=dGJyMNHr7ESep644v%2BbwOLCmr0mep7FSrq64TbeWxWXS;ContentCustomer=dGJyMOzprk%2B2qLZNuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA;. Stasio, Michael J. â€Å"AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO JANE AUSTEN: PREHISTORIC PREFERENCES IN PRIDE AND PREJUDICE. † Pride and Prejudice. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001. Web. ;http://content. ebscohost. com/pdf19_22/pdf/2007/SNV/01Jun07/25902589. pdf? T=P;P=AN;K=25902589;S=R;D=a9h;EbscoContent=dGJyMNHr7ESep644v%2BbwOLCmr0mep7BSs6u4SbOWxWXS;ContentCustomer=dGJyMOzprk%2B2qLZNuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA;.

Erida, The goddess of hate essays

Erida, The goddess of loathe papers Erida is Hate. She is Strife and Discord. Lamentably, there are many clashing wellsprings of data about this Greek Goddess of Hate. Most sources refer to her as the twin sister of Ares; a few sources state that she is equivalent to Eris, Goddess of Discord, while others express that Eris and Erida are two entirely unexpected goddesses. One source even said that Erida is the little girl of Eris. There is additionally the way that the names Erida and Eris are uncannily comparative. Other than that, there is the issue whether Erida is very the book The Iliad by Homer, which is one of my fundamental sources. The Goddess of Hate isn't expressly named in The Iliad as Erida however is somewhat alluded to as Strife. So for motivations behind this exposition, I will accept that Erida is to be sure a similar goddess as Eris. Twin sister of the God of War, Erida was Ares steady buddy. Eridas most noteworthy satisfaction was raising hell. In Book Five of The Iliad, Erida is portrayed as Strife voracious. Her displeasure is rarely fulfilled. She had a brilliant apple so brilliant that everybody needed to have it. Erida would toss her brilliant apple among companions and adversaries the same. On the off chance that she tossed it among companions, their fellowship immediately finished. On the off chance that she tossed it among adversaries, war would break out. Basically an activity of Erida prompted the Trojan War. Zeus was giving a wedding for Peleus, a youthful ruler of Thessaly, and Thetis, an excellent Nereid. All the divine beings and goddesses were welcome to the wedding with the exception of Erida. She was angry so she tossed one of her brilliant apples of strife into the horde of visitors and yelled, The most attractive of the goddesses will have it! Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite raced to get it, each reasoning that they were the most attractive of all, and soon they started to contend with one another about who ought to have the apple. The wedding separated and the goddesses returned to Olympus still in friction. ... <!

How to Add a Shopping Cart to a Website Easy eCommerce Guide

How to Add a Shopping Cart to a Website Easy eCommerce Guide .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on January 22, 2020 Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert You’ll still need to do a bit of legwork in getting your online store ready to launch. That’s where understanding how an online shopping cart works on the back end of your online dashboard can be a huge asset.Choices of online shopping carts are beyond plentiful. While the basic premise behind them is all the same, but look for a shopping cart plugin that gives you the best features that you need to grow your online business, while also being simple enough to not put off potential buyer is you ever decide to sell your website on.If you want the quick answer, we like 3dCart which can be installed directly to a WordPress site via a plugin, but there are more options below.What Happens When You Add A Shopping Cart To Your Website?Many of the shopping cart platforms are very easy to install, even for a beginner. Whether you are a novice DIY website builder or a seasoned tech-navigator, it helps to have a good understanding of exactly how a shopping cart works.When you want to buy something from a store, the display windows attract your attention. Once you’re inside the store, you get a chance to look around. The cashier desk takes care of the money and bags your purchases before you leave the store. You probably don’t notice that backroom, where all the lovely merchandise is kept in an orderly manner.A website shopping cart works much the same way that a brick and mortar store works. Shopping cart plugins also have a display window, a storefront, and a backroom. The operations in each section of your online store are written in code on your site’s dashboard. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To.. .Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Your dashboard acts as the backroom, where all the behind-the-scenes work takes place before your customers see the nicely displayed products on the front pages of your online store. The shopping pages are linked together using a programming language like PERL or JavaScript.Your customers will be more inclined to shop at your online store when they know that it is secure. Make sure that your shopping platform runs on SSL, which is an acronym for secure sockets layer.SSL encrypts your buyer’s payment information, like code, so that hackers can’t hack into their personal information while they are making their transaction.  Watch this video to better understand how SSL works:They’ll know that your site is secure if it begins with https://. The “s” after the http t ells the buyer that your site is secure.You will need to open a merchant account like PayPal, which acts as your merchant account and the payment gateway. The merchant account holds money during transactions before it is moved to the buyer or seller. The payment gateway is an online mechanism for processing credit card payments.When your customer hits a button to purchase one of your items, the shopping cart sends the payment to the payment gateway. The gateway finds the correct credit card company and sends a request to charge the credit card for the total amount of purchase. The credit card company validates the account and makes a decision to approve or deny the charge. If the card isn’t approved, it sends a message back telling you why it couldn’t be processed.If the charge is approved, the gateway sends a message back saying the money can be transferred and tells the shopping cart that the transaction was successful. The gateway generates a request to the store’s merchant account asking the credit card to add funds to the store’s merchant account. Typically, you can access your money within 3-7 days.How To Add A Shopping Cart To Your SiteThe online shopping cart plugins do most of the backroom duties for you, but you’ll still have to set up the pages on your site and manage your products. Allow about an hour to get your store fully set up. It will take just minutes to manage your inventory after the initial installation. Your shopping platform will direct you to the link to click to start the shopping cart installation. Once you get a message that the installation is complete, you’ll need to set up your store pages. Here are some of the things you’ll need to set up:ProductsStorefront designCheckout process designPayment processingShipping charges and optionsYou’ll usually have a few choices regarding buttons for your customers to click. You might use a button that says “buy” or “add to cart” or something else.This video shows how to add a Paypal shopping cart to your website. If your shopping cart platform doesn’t do it for you, this video explains how to get the HTML code for your buy button and copy and paste it onto your product pages. You can change the size and color of the button. You can also be creative and use an image other than a button, like a dollar sign or shopping cart image.WordPress is one of the most popular platforms for websites and blogging. WordPress developed an easy-to-use WordPress Simple Shopping Cart for your site.One of the nicest features of this shopping cart is that you can add an “add to cart” button for your product on any of your posts, pages, or sidebars. This plugin dovetails nicely with the NextGen Photo Gallery plugin so that you can pull photos from your image gallery to use for your product pages.If you plan to sell your products internationally, you can also use plugins for translations in 14 different languages.If you’re looking for additional features when you add a shopping cart to your website, there are literally hundreds of other shopping cart plugins available. Here are some of the popular choices:ShopifySquare online storeVolusionZoey CommercePinnacle CartMiva MerchantMagento3dcartBigCommerceSparkPay Online Store BuilderLemonStandAshopShopSitePrestaShopWooCommerceGetting All the Best Features When You Add A Shopping Cart to Your Website Save E-commerce platforms have a lot of competition, so there is no shortage of features and the list is expanding all the time. Here are some of the features that most online shop owners can’t live without.Product images:  all online platforms let you add images, but most people want to see clearly what they are buying. You’ll want to have the capability to resize the images to display your product in the best way possible. This means you’ll want to make it large enough for customers to see it clearly, without it taking over the whole design of the page. Customers also like the zooming f eature so they can see the details clearly.Simplicity:  if you have a product to sell, you’ll want to get it up online where customers can see it quickly. A shopping cart platform that takes more than an hour to set up is probably not worth your time, especially if you only have a few products to sell.Search engine friendly:  your marketing plan will be a step ahead of the game if your shopping cart sets up your product pages to be commerce-enabled, which many of them do. Having this feature means that your site will be easily indexed y all search engines.Product reviews:  your customers are more likely to trust your site and buy your products if other buyers loved them. A product that has dozens of top-rated consumer reviews will be an easy choice for the buyer that is on the fence about purchasing it.Search box:  it might seem surprising how effective a simple tool like a search box can be to sell an item. Most shoppers have a pretty good idea of what they want. Rather than page through pages upon pages of products, a search box quickly takes them to the products they’re looking for. This feature is a “must” for anyone selling many types of products.Coupons and discounts:  extreme couponing isn’t just for the grocery stores. Many new sites that direct coupon seekers to sites for deals like Groupon have sprung up. Living Social, RetailMeNot, Offers.com, and Google Deals. You may want your site to be able to integrate with these discount sites so that you can expand your customer base. Your shopping cart may also be able to add discounts and coupons.Analytics and Sales Reporting:  the only way for you to know if you’re making money is to analyze your results and track your sales. If a product isn’t selling, you may want to pull it in favor of a more attractive product. Your shopping cart may come equipped with this feature or it may interface nicely with Google analytics. It’s also nice if you can easily export your sales reports.Integration wi th Other Business Tools:  for sellers with large sales volumes, it’s helpful to interface your online shopping cart with Quickbooks, or a similar accounting program. If you’re looking to do some strong email marketing, it will be worthwhile to find a shopping cart plugin that easily interfaces with e-marketing platforms like Constant Contact.

List and Explain Six Differences and Six Similarities...

THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SOCIAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION /DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES NAME : SELVAC HANG’ANDU COURSE CODE : PH 101 COURSE NAME : POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY COMPUTER NO. : 12116173 QUESTION : List and explain six differences and six similarities between the political philosophy of John Locke and that of Tomas Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were philosophers from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The two men both had very strong views on freedom and how a country should be governed. Their view points are famous for contrasting one another. Hobbes has more of a pessimistic view on freedom while Locke’s opinions are more optimistic. This paper will†¦show more content†¦Hence a situation where everyman is the enemy of every other endeavoring to destroy or subdue him by force or fraud or both. But such a state is even less in conformity with human desires than what most of us know .It is Hobbes famous words a state where the life of man is solitary poor, nasty ,brutish and short. The fear of such a state of things calls into action as a servant of the most fundamental of all the passions, that of self-preservation, at least a modicum of reason which finds a solution of the difficulty in social contract. By its terms men agreed to give up their natural liberty to sovereign authority which in turn gurantees them security, that is immunity from aggression by the force or fraud of others. It is only through authority of this sovereign that the war of all against all is held in check and order and security is maintained. (Talcott persons: 91). In modern times, Tomas Hobbes defined right to life as natural rights which even the sovereign of the state could not jeopardize. But the name of John Locke is important who treated three rights (relating to life, liberty and property) as natural rights. Effective protection of the natural rights is the responsibility of the state .In case the sovereign authority is capable of fulfilling the trust of the people, the contract may be chosen instead for securing effective protection of natural rights. (J.C.Johari, 1989:136) STATE OF NATURE BY THOMAS HOBBESShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work

The Community Of The Deaf - 1147 Words

Methods Definitions In order to completely understand the proposal it is necessary to clarify what it is meant by Deaf. For the sake of this proposal Deaf will refer to individuals who cannot hear at all or are hard of hearing to the point it is necessary to use sign language to communicate Selecting a Sample The unit of analysis for the proposed study are Deaf individuals that are currently incarcerated in prisons located in the areas of the United States that have the greatest population of the Deaf. The prisons chosen are Rochester Correctional Facility in New York, Texas State Penitentiary in Texas, Charlotte Correctional Facility in North Carolina, Southeastern Correctional Institution in Ohio and Washington State Penitentiary in†¦show more content†¦Generalizability The results of this study will be generalizable to the incarcerated Deaf population in the United States due to the samples are taken from areas in the United States that have a high population of Deaf. The samples of Deaf inmates is not concentrated in one area of the United States so it is generalizable to all parts of the United States. Research Design The study that is purposed is exploratory and qualitative in nature. This study explores issues the Deaf has when involved in the criminal justice system. These issues include not being able to communicate, not understanding the process, and other difficulties that arise during incarceration, leaving the Deaf more vulnerable to abuse and depression than normal prison inmates. The strengths are it gives the issues depth by the interview revealing the types of obstacles they face. The criminal justice system could use this survey to take a deeper look into these issues that arise for the Deaf and possibly fix policies that are falling short of what it is intended to alleviate. Also, it could help create new, less costly policies to accommodate the Deaf. The weakness is the survey will show what needs to be done, but not really the â€Å"how† to accomplish these goals. Instrument The proposed study by an interpreted interview at carefully selected institutions that correspond to Deaf population. A specific type of interpreter will be selected. The interpreter must have a degree in

Semiotic Analysis of Television Show Dexter - 1494 Words

Semiotic Analysis of Television Show Dexter Semiotics is the study of meaning. There are many aspects that go into developing a semiotic analysis. They include signs, a signifier and signified, codes, opposition, code confusion, intertexuality, paradigms, and syntagyms. Before delving into the analysis, the meaning of each of these terms and their relation to semiotics must be made clear. A sign could be anything that stands for something else. A signifier is the physical object that represents something else, while the signified is the image the object relays. Codes are a set of rules that govern everything. Opposition, or binary opposition, which is used in this analysis, is when two things or people are used as opposites†¦show more content†¦Eventually after a few sessions and some snooping around, Dexter learns that Emmet counseled those three women and many others into committing suicide. This discovery led Dexter to murder the psychiatrist. Psychiatrists are often referred to as shrinks. The title Shr ink Wrap was a sign and form of foreshadowing of Dexters next murder victim. Like all his victims Dexter wrapped Emmet down to a table, which this time was in Emmets own office, and covered the room with shrinkwrap which is used to prevent dust or in this case blood from spattering onto the floor or couches. Then he took a blood sample to save for his file and proceeded to murder Emmet in the very place he counseled others into returning home and killing themselves. Codes are another important aspect of this semiotic analysis. The main set of codes this episode deals with is between good and evil. These codes can also be viewed at times as paradigms because of the way the codes are setup. The idea of good versus evil is apparent in the battle Dexter wages against serial killers. Dexter sets out to kill those, such as the therapist, who are taking advantage of others, or who have actually murdered others as in previous episodes. This raises the question, might Dexter actually be a good person? Although he may only be murdering those who deserve it, he is still committing one of the most gruesome crimes possible with no remorse. Dexter even describesShow MoreRelatedBeyond Visual Metaphor. a New Typology of Visual Rhetoric in Advertising9528 Words   |  39 Pagessuch consumer responses as elaboration and belief change. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of marrying textual analysis, as found in literary, semiotic and rhetorical disciplines, with the experimental methodology characteristic of social and cognitive psychology. Key Words advertising figurative speech image metaphor picture rhetoric semiotics typology †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Introduction A distinctive feature of advertising, relative to other contemporary forms of human communicationRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagescommunication has revived the significance of uses and gratifications. In fact, uses and gratifications has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the initial stages of each new mass communications medium: newspapers, radio and television, and now the Internet. Although scientists are likely to continue using traditional tools and typologies to answer questions about media use, we must also be prepared to expand our current theoretical models of uses and gratifications. Contemporary

Selective Attention Essay Example For Students

Selective Attention Essay Kahneman and Treisman (1984, p.55) have succinctly described the main disagreement between early selection and late selection theories of attention: ‘The classic question of attention theory has always been whether attention controls the build-up of perceptual information, or merely selects among the responses associated with currently active percepts.’ Early selection theories hold that attention serves to select which one of a number of stimuli will be further semantically processed and stored in long term memory. On the other hand, more recent late selection theories maintain that selective attention operates after all stimuli are semantically processed. This essay briefly examines and discusses the main findings and criticisms that have caused the transition from early selection models to late selection models of attention. Apart from these two extreme positions, theories that combine aspects of both theories are also discussed. The essential question which, if answered, would provide evidence on whether stimuli are semantically processed before or after selection is what people know about the unattended information. If the subject does not know the meaning of unattended information, this would mean that it has been discarded before it has been processed for meaning. One of the first approaches to this question was attempted by Cherry (1953, in Parkin, 1999) who carried out an experiment in which subjects were required hear two different messages simultaneously, one in each ear, but only pay attention to one of them. To make sure that subjects were not attending to the other message, they were asked to shadow the attended message, that is to recite aloud everything they heard. Subjects could report the physical characteristics of the voice in the unattended message, but not its meaning. Cherry concluded that selective attention completely overshadows the meaning of unattended stimuli. Broadbent’s (195 8, in Eysenck Keane, 1995) ‘filter’ model of attention was based on a similar experiment. Subjects were presented dichotically with pairs of digits and were instructed to shadow whichever message they preferred. A strong preference was shown for attending ear-by-ear. Broadbent theorised that stimuli are selected according to their physical attributes and unattended messages are not semantically processed and discarded. According to Broadbent, switching attention from one stimulus to another is also quite difficult. These two previous experiments had numerous weaknesses. In Cherry’s experiment subjects were asked about information in non-shadowed messages after they had completed the shadowing phase. This information may have been perceived and processed, but forgotten later. In Broadbent’s experiment there was no particular meaning to be extracted from the pairs of digits presented, so there was no sufficient evidence to draw conclusions about semantic pr ocessing. Moreover, it was later made clear that it is possible to easily switch attention from one ear to another, when the meaning of the unattended message was relevant to the shadowed message. Experiments by Grey and Wedderburn (1960, in Parkin, 1999) and Treisman (1964, in Parkin, 1999) demonstrated that subjects select which message to attend to by following the meaning of a sentence. This suggests that humans can select a stimulus according to its meaning not only its physical cues. This could directly provide evidence for a late-selection model. However, Treisman (1960, in Kahneman and Treisman, 1984) accounted for this finding with the ‘attenuator’ model, which is still an early selection theory. She proposed that the filter described by Broadbent is actually more flexible and the unattended message can be partly semantically processed. Treisman’s attenuation theory was a good alternative to the filter model, as it could explain the new findings. However, it has been criticised for lack of clarity and for being a half-measure. Since subjects’ attention appears to be directed according to the meaning of a sentence, one could also claim that t hey can actually fully process stimuli for meaning before selection. .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d , .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .postImageUrl , .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d , .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d:hover , .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d:visited , .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d:active { border:0!important; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d:active , .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u82338f36b44e5b8f5ff03e8d0726d38d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Difference of psychopath and psychotic EssayIn the area of visual attention, Johnston and Dark (1986, in Eysenck Keane, 1995) presented evidence that unattended visual stimuli undergo little or no semantic processing. However, counter evidence comes from recent studies with subjects suffering from simultagnosia. Patients are unable to attend to more than one object at any given time, even when objects are close together. However, when an unattended word is semantically related to the attended word, patients can report both words (Caslett Suffran, 1991, in Allport, 1993). Experiments on which early-selection models have been based appear problematic. Many authors (e.g. Deutsch Deutsch, 1963, in Eysenck, 1995; Parkin, 1999) have argued that the shadowing task is too demanding for the subjects to be able to process the unattended stimuli in a way equivalent to real world conditions. It should also be noted that theories for attention were developed on the basis of either auditory or visual experiments solely, although it was not evident that the same mechanisms are employed in all types of attention. Following the findings by Gray and Wedderburn (1960, in Parkin, 1999), Deutsch and Deutsch (1963, in Eysenck Keane, 1995) formed the first account of a late selection theory, proposing that all stimuli are fully analysed and attention merely selects the most important stimulus to respond to. However, it was difficult to provide evidence for this position, as an experiment by Treisman and Riley (1989, in Eysenck Keane, 1995) showed that subjects detected much less target words in non-shadowed messages. More evidence for late selection came from studies on subliminal perception. Some studies have shown that an unnoticed aspect of a stimulus, can influence subjects’ behaviour (Parkin, 1999). This indicates that unattended features of stimuli can be semantically processed. However, there is still no evidence that unattended messages are fully analysed. In the face of lack of evidence for the Deutsch and Deutsch theory, Johnston and Heinz (1978, in Parkin, 1999; 1978, in Eysenck Keane, 1995) proposed a less rigid model in which selection is possible both before and after semantic processing of information. They assumed that there is a limited central capacity, which is carefully allocated to various tasks including reasoning, auditory attention, visual attention and other functions. Early selection was considered to consume fewer resources than late selection. Thus, when a task involves physical cues early selection should be preferred. However, there is evidence that dissimilar tasks, for example visual attention and auditory attention, interfere less with each other when performed simultaneously than more similar tasks do (e.g. Allport, 1972; Brooks, 1967, both in Parkin, 1999). Relevant evidence from neuropsychological studies (review by Allport, 1993) seems to suggest that rather separate mechanisms control different kinds of a ttentional tasks. The concept of a central capacity, therefore, appears ill defined. It is still possible, however, that we can process information semantically both before and after selection according to the task demands on the capacity of the processing system, which, according to Welford’s (1952,in Eysenck Keane, 1995) well supported ‘bottleneck’ idea, is unable to make two decisions about the appropriate responses to two different stimuli at the same time. The evidence and theories mentioned in this essay lead to the conclusion that humans can detect meaning in unattended stimuli. There is no evidence, however, that this semantic processing is as complete as the processing of attended stimuli. Nevertheless, it could also be said that this conclusion is a rough generalisation, as there is no clear indication that there is a unique attentional mechanism responsible for attending all kinds of stimuli. Visual attention, for example may be controlled by different mechanisms than auditory attention. There is still no theory that provides a clear and testable explanation for all the known evidence and localises attentional selection. The main reason for this difficulty is that it is almost impossible to devise an experiment that will localise selection without interfering with the subjects’ natural functioning. REFERENCESAllport, A. (1993). ‘Attention and Control: Have We Been Asking the Wrong Questions? A Critical Review of Twen ty-Five Years’. In D.E. Meyer S. Kornblum (Eds.), Attention and Performance (Vol. XIV). London: MIT Press. .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 , .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .postImageUrl , .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 , .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1:hover , .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1:visited , .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1:active { border:0!important; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1:active , .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1 .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud2ee899743968e2e226d9a7a347b5bf1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Abstract on Rose diseases EssayEllis, H.C. Hunt, R.R. (1993). Fundamentals of cognitive psychology (5th ed). Brown Benchmark. MadisonEysenck, M.W. Keane, M.T.(1995), Cognitive psychology : a student’s handbook (3rd ed.), Erlbaum, Hove Kahneman, D. Treisman, A.(1984). ‘Changing Views of Attention and Automaticity.In Parasuraman, R. Davies, D.R. (Eds.). Varieties of attention. Academic P. OrlandoKinchla, R.A.(1992).’Attention’. Annual Review of Psychology. 43: 711-42Parkin, A.J.(1999).Essential Cognitive Psychology. Draft 23-3-99. University of Sussex.

Geotechnical Failure

Essay Sample on Scientology Some Key Facts to Cover

Essay Sample on Scientology Some Key Facts to Cover The purpose of this essay is to explore the religion of scientology and to further understand the main aspects of the religion in better detail. The religion of scientology intrigued me because I have never known anything about it, and it sounds like it might be something that is quite interesting to learn more about. There will be many areas covered, including the founder of the religion, the different aspects of it, and facts about Scientology. Scientology as a religion began in 1954 and was based on the thoughts and teachings of L. Ron Hubbard. (Nation) He came to be respected and known with his book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, which contains a therapy for enhancing life, as well as curing emotional and psychosomatic illnesses. (Nation) This was the basis for the beginning of the religion, along with the book Science of Survival. That book speaks about the religion philosophy of scientology, and this is when his ideas first took on a religious angle. (Nation) Hubbard, being a genius, is someone who’s writings will get recognition and be respected by some sector of the community, and that aided Scientology. (Garrison, 21) In order to understand the Scientology in a better way, we have to get a grasp on what Dianetics is, especially since it is the forerunner and foundation upon which Scientology rests. (Garrison, 19) Dianetics is described as the basic science of human thought, and is related to the exploration into the human mind. (Garrison, 20) Hubbard began this whole Dianetics idea by looking for the a dynamic principle that would be the lowest common denominator of existence. He came up with the idea that all life is energy of some sort, and he asked: what is the energy doing? (Garrison 23) The answer that Hubbard drew from that question was that the dynamic principle of existence was the primary urge of all organisms, from the simplest to the most complex, to survive. In his studies, Hubbard also found that the basic nature of human beings to be sincere, intelligent, and good, the conclusion being drawn from studies of hypnosis. (Garrison, 24) This conclusion is key in uncovering one of Dianetic most valuable discoveries, that is the idea that all men are basically good and that their wrongdoing stemmed from mental aberration, which means that the ideas are straying from the normal. The idea that the mankind could be redeemed if they can stop the mental aberrations, which was the source of the problems. Further investigation in to this area of study found the source of trouble lay in a previously unknown sub-mind, which, together with its own memory, underlies the conscious mind. The subliminal mind (which is different from conscious mind) is also known as the reactive mind in this theory, is the only mind that is always conscious. This mind then records what is done to the individual, not by him, during periods of unconsciousness, which can be from drugs, shock, illness or injury, and these recorded thoughts are what contains the pain or problems, which lead to the mental aberration, and then to eventual wrongdoing (Garrison, 26) Then, armed with this knowledge, one can conclude that a primary goal of Dianetics to restore the human back to its full potential and to clear the mind of all the things that essentially pull it down. Dianetic believes in going back and basically re-living these mental aberrations (not literally, in the mind) and this will cause the brain to eventually file the memory away as no n-aberrative. (Garrison, 29) This is the basic idea of Dianetics, which again laid the groundwork for the Scientology religion. Scientology is an organization or movement that is right on the boundary between psychology and religion. The idea is that if you correctly apply the knowledge that is there for the taking, which will fully release the individuals full potential. The proper application of the ideas is supposed to lead to the freeing of the individuals superhuman powerful human nature. Scientology believes that in the climb to a desirable state, there are current human limitations, including lack of confidence or competence, psychological and physical disabilities, and psychosomatic illness. These limitations, if they are eliminated (the idea of scientology), this will enable man to handle his environment more successfully. (Wallis, 4) Scientology also looks at the human beings will to exist, which is summed up in 8 dynamics or drives as they are called. L. Ron Hubbard composed these 8 dynamics or drives, and they are as follows: 1) The urge to survive as a self-aware individual; 2) through his progeny; 3) as a member of a family group or race; 4) through mankind as all mankind; 5) the urge toward survival through all living things, whether animal or vegetable; 6)the urge towards survival in the physical universe; 7) the urge towards survival as or of spirits; and 8)the urge towards survival as Infinity, or through a Supreme Being. (Garrison, 24,43,44) The religion of Scientology strives to teach the people to reach their maximum potential and to make the person exist and satisfy all of the dynamics. Scientology, as you may expect, has had its people that do not agree or believe in the ideas or principles and do not consider it a religion. J. Gordon Melton did a study on the religion, and he is a reputable writer of the Encyclopedia of American Religions. He says the he finds Scientology to be a religion in the fullest sense of the word. (Melton,2) His studies show Scientology to have a strong, well thought-out doctrine, that includes belief in a Supreme Being, a belief in the freedom of the spirit, belief in the immortality of the spirit, a detailed system of worship, as well as pastoral counseling program, as well as community efforts. This is a very full plate and is a rarity among religions that are as young as this one. (Melton, 1) This is a religion and it should not be debated too much according to the facts. The worship of a supreme being, and belief in spiritual growth, and the fact that as any religion, Scientology answers the basic religious questions of where did we come from, why are we put here, and where are we going. (Melton, 2) The evidence points to this definitely being a religion and there is little debate with the facts in hand. The religion of Scientologys major doctrinal emphasis can be hard to grasp. This can be summarized to best aid in understanding of it. The subjects or followers were trained by therapists called auditors, and they train one to increase the power of the conscious mind and resist the influence of engrams. Engrams are painful long lasting impressions of past experiences that essentially confuse the reactive or unconscious mind. The whole idea is to remove the engrams from the equation. Scientology also preached that humans are immortal spirits that are known as Thetans. (means life) The belief is that most humans have lost their Thetan ability, but through the practice of Scientology, they can become operating Thetans. This means that, basically, Scientology is the practice of subduing the engrams and bringing out the potential in human beings to become operating Thetans. (Nation, 1) This insight into Scientology has brought me to believe that there are many different beliefs in the world, and they may look weird from the outside looking in, but that does not mean that these are not legitimate or real religions. The idea of Scientology is not like that of anything that I have heard about before, and that is why it is, in my opinion, an amazing accomplishment that it has survived and flourished. With a worldwide membership of 8 million people, it does not appear that Scientology will be dying out anytime soon , which is admirable. (Nation, 1) Scientology is unique and different, and that a big part of the reason that it is so interesting.

The Effect of Media on People Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Effect of Media on People - Research Paper Example It was followed by conveying verbal messages by slaves or subordinates through covering distances on foot or animals at a later stage. Then with the invention of paper came the time of writing letters and sending telegrams. Even for that matter, man had to make journeys of days and night to reach his destination. With the invention of radio in 1895 with the efforts of a number of researchers, people were able to send their messages across borders. The era of radio lasted many years. It was an important mode of communication especially during World Wars I and II. Man has always been a mode of communication himself. The best storyteller is a human being. It started from the beginning of time, when stories were exchanged by families, tribes and entire villages. It gave rise to an aura of enchantment that lasted for ages until the birth of other modes of interaction. During that period, the concept of communicating through imagery was also common. Lifetimes were drawn or painted in the f orm of art in churches, castles or inside caves. Such drawings contained the power of talking to the viewer. (ChallengingMedia 2010) This essence of communication prevailed until the advent of industrial era. Industrial revolution brought the printing press combined with steam engine technology to develop something which was called the newspaper. (ChallengingMedia 2010). This amalgamation changed the paradigm of media. It proved to be an easy and approachable medium for people to educate themselves about the life around them through reading. The biggest advantage of newspapers was the increase in literacy rate. People lost the tradition of telling or hearing stories through the primary source. Instead, people started to limit apparent interaction. Then with the dawn of the electronic revolution came a new mode, the television. The television dominated the electronic age. It was run through antennas that caught channels from satellites and transmitted them throughout the world on tel evisions. It attracted people of all ages but the strongly attracted was the economic and business market. Businessmen started investing through broadcasting commercials on televisions that in return paid for the programs run on it. The United States was the one of the countries that took advantage of this new technology and helped raise its economy through media channels. (ChallengingMedia 2011) Today, the electronic media has expanded and evolved further in the form of the Internet, social networks like Facebook and Twitter, the film industry, the music industry and mobile phones. The Internet which was the invention of the United States during Second World War for the purpose of communication over large distances was later transformed into a public entity. It led people connect across oceans within a matter of seconds through emails, live broadcasting, chatting and webcam. It is splendid and saturated mode of information. The Internet along with the introduction of computers and laptops has made life simple. Now the use of paper and pen or type writer machines has been replaced by typing on computers with advanced features of writing editing. The social networks like the Facebook and Twitter has enhanced the mode of connectivity. Currently there are more than sixty thousand people on Facebook and one hundred and ninety people have joined Twitter. Such networks enable people to share their

Capstone - Non-Compliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capstone - Non-Compliance - Essay Example the outcomes include; full compliance or adherence to treatment and change in life that promotes good health depending on the treatment recommendations. Non-compliance is a complex problem that can affect and is also affected by economic status, change in lifestyle, and group approach interventions among other factors. Nursing interventions are successful and can yield tangible outcomes. However, effective interventions require identification and counteraction of factors that lead to non-compliance. Telling examples of these factors are unsatisfactory discharge instructions, economic difficulties, a language barrier, and cultural believes. Proactive attitude by nursing staff to counteract these factors yields desirable outcomes. Noncompliance is the opposite of compliance (the degree to which patients follow medical advice) plagues patients with a diagnosis such as diabetes, renal failure, and hypertension (Fischer, Stedman, Lii, Vogeli, & Shrank, et al, 2010). Noncompliant patients inhibit appropriate treatment of their general health care and thus pose a medical hazard at a wide scale (Fischer, et al, 2010). Noncompliance does not imply to therapeutic medications, but also general medical advice such as self-supervised physical exercises and therapy sessions. Dealing with noncompliant patients is a challenge that nurses face on a daily basis while carrying out their duties. However, addressing these challenges proactively (by the nurse) can bring about positive outcomes among affected patients. This capstone project covers the approaches of identifying and dealing with noncompliant patterns in patients affected by various health issues on a nursing perspective. Emerging literature on this subject suggests an increasing interest by researchers to delineate the problem. Noncompliant patients are difficult to research owing to their negative attitude towards healthcare givers (who are also the researchers). Consequently, this area is still gray and only limited

High School Essay Example for Free

High School Essay I. Problem/Needs a. San Nicolas Elementary School (s. y. 2013-2014) has 765 enrollees, 43 teachers, non-teaching, staffs, personnel, including its maintenance. Previous school years, survey through interview shows that the school has no canteen. What they did was a classroom canteen wherein teachers allow outside vendors to sell foods, snacks in each classroom during break time. This practice made wrong impact and its advantages to the entire school campus. Instead of 30 minutes break time, survey shows they have 45 minutes and lessons are affected. b. Outside vendors are not known by the pupils and teachers. They just offer their cooked foods to students without knowing or not sure with the safetiness of what they are going to take in. They don’t know how and who made the foods. Other parents also go inside the school to give snacks to eat to their children during recess time which make break time longer. School staffs observed this situation and they made a decision to really have canteen as soon as possible. c. During the first meeting of the school year 2013-2014, the PTA meeting tackled the topic about school canteen, they should have it. As a situation to the need of the school, the principal set another meeting to meet interested parents who wants to manage the canteen. As a result, school pupils, teachers and other personnel now have their break time properly. Manager of the canteen improved the school canteen, and prepared it for the new canteen. Now, San Nicolas Elementary School is nearly for safer, healthier and more convenient canteen for everyone. II. Statement of Vision, Mission and Values Vision: The school will provide a good source of foods for the pupils, teachers and parents of the school. Healthy foods, price of foods will surely be right for everyone. Mission: The school will have a canteen on its own, managed by the school itself or any representatives from the PTA member. Foods will surely be healthy and nutritious. Kind of foods to sold will be strictly monitored to sure the safetiness of all the entire school. Values: Having a school canteen will promote orderly and organized school especially on break time. Everyone in school should support its canteen that could help in the progress and improvement of the entire school. III. Marketing plan a. Research and Analysis: It is more than two years when San Nicolas Elementary School has no canteen. Former managements of school canteen believed that their services and foods offer are not satisfying. It was observed by our interviews that students and teachers would more like to go out or buy outside their snacks during break time. In addition to that, price of the previous canteen are not affordable by the students. PTA meeting was conducted and during the said meeting, the principal announced that all parents who are interested to manage the school canteen this school year 2013-2014 is free to pass bid form containing rental which is the highest offer as a rental of the school will have the opportunity to handle the canteen. The form also contains the expected menus, foods offered and its prices. The monthly rental of the school canteen will be an income of the school which will be used for school improvements at the end of the school year. This move of the school as a solution of the problem believes that it will turn to an advantage of the entire school. Students and teachers will be comfortable to spend their break time inside the canteen, safetiness and healthy foods will be as sure. Accidents will be impossible because students will no longer go out to nearby stores to buy foods and also monthly income of the school will be at stake. b. Marketing Strategies: Students will be the first customer of the canteen, so offers will be for students at most. Foods will be based on the taste of the consumers so as by the teachers also. Foods will be simple snacks so that prices will also be affordable and reasonable especially for ordinary students. Prices will be strictly monitored. Special promos or simple promo will also be given. Simple promo like free juice or offering discounted prices on sets of snack items. Like: 1 special miki regular price is Php 15. 00 with boiled egg on toppings plus 1 refresh juice is at Php 6. 00= student will pay only Php 20. 00| Foods or snacks will be changeable, based on what is saleable to consumers. IV. Production Plan Quantity| Unit| Supplies| 533050102550301010| KilosKilosPcs. SticksBoxesPcs. Pcs. SticksBagsBags| PancitMikiBoiled eggBarbecueAsstd. Fruit drinksSandwichesShanghaiBanana cueAsstd. BiscuitsAsstd. cupcakes|.

The Development of Object Permanence Essay -- Piaget Psychology Psycho

The Development of Object Permanence I never realized when I played Peek-A-Boo with different infants in my family, that I was teaching them one of the most valuable lessons in their life. I just thought it was a game that infants liked to play and it made them laugh. I didn’t know that this was so funny to them because they were fascinated with the fact that for one moment I wasn’t there and a moment later I popped back up. Little did I know I was teaching them one of their most important accomplishments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adults and older children never give a second thought to the fact that when something disappears out of sight that it still exists. It never crosses our minds to think about when exactly did the ability to â€Å"just know†develop. If something ceases to exist that was once right in someone’s hand right before our eyes we think we must be at a magic show. However, people don’t know that when they were an infant they had to develop the knowledge that when you don’t see something it still exists on earth. Technically, infants must be looking at a magic show everyday for months.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Piaget coined the term object permanence in 1954 to describe the understanding that objects continue to exist, even when they cannot be directly seen, heard or touched. While conducting an experiment on his son as Piaget often did he found that his son did not reach for a toy that he had hidden with a cover. Piaget took that to mean that his son must not know that they toy exists anymore. When Piaget started these experiments to test this phenomenon light bulbs lit up in the heads of developmental psychologists around the world as they probably said to themselves,†I never thought about that before†. Since the emergence of the idea of object permanence many psychologists have conducted experiments to either prove or disprove Piaget’s theory. Experiments to test the development of this phenomenon have been conducted for decades and continue to be a topic that many developmental psychologists study.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his book written in 1954 Piaget stated that â€Å"for young infants objects are not permanent entities that exist continuously in time but instead are transient entities that cease to exist when they are no longer visible and begin to exist anew when they come back into view.† He proposed the notion that infants do not begin to understand the object of object p... ...d they continue to hear it for years to come. However, that still doesn’t explain to me why infants find the game of Peek-A-Boo so amusing. After all this research I’m starting to think that they laugh and say to themselves inside their heads, â€Å"look a this fool, she thinks I don’t know she’s there when she covers her face. What a joke she is.† References Baillargeon, R. (1994). How do infants learn about the physical world? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, 133-140. Baillergeon, R., Spelke, E., & Wasserman, S. (Aug, 1985). Object permanence in five-month-old infants. Cognition, 20(3), 191-208. Baillargeon, R., & DeVos, J. (1991). Object permanence in 3.5 and 4.5-month-old infants: further evidence. Child Development, 62, 1227-1246. Baillargeon, R., & Graber, M. (1987). Where’s the rabbit? 5.5 month-old infants’ representation of the height of a hidden object. Cognitive Development, 2, 375-392. Jonsson, B., & von Hofsten, C. (2003). Infants’ ability to track and reach for temporary occluded objects. Developmental Science, 6(1), 86-99. Siegler, R., & Alibali, M. (2005). Children’s Thinking Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River NJ.

Parent Involvement in Education

Children learn first at home with the support and encouragement from their parents. When your child becomes a student, as a parent you still need to be involved inside and outside the classroom. Attending school sponsored functions, working in the classroom as a volunteer, monitoring homework and communicating with your child about their day are features that will express to your child the need for them to succeed. But why is parent involvement important in education? The answer to this research question will be sought out by using different internet sources. Articles will include general information about parent involvement, not looking at specific states or countries. I have been in a classroom since childhood. With my experiences in college I have seen parents who are involved and those who are not. As a coach in a neighboring district from my hometown I have been able to compare and contrast the amount of parent involvement between districts. Introduction As parents, children learn and grow from the encouragement and guidance that is given to them along the way. The definition of parent involvement is extensive and includes different aspects of education and how parents participate in their children’s lives in and outside of school. The research paper will attempt to explain the importance of parent involvement in education through research done using different internet sources. Throughout the research report readers will see that parent involvement in directly related with student achievement. The level of achievement is apparent due to the amount of time and effort that parent put into being present in their child’s education inside and outside the classroom. When presenting the information the positive outcome will be apparent but the obstacles that hinder the benefits need to be address. These issues include the current rising number of single parents that have to work two to three jobs in order to support their family and the amount of effort that teachers and schools put into providing opportunities for parents to become involved at school. Research included in the report will include information provided by the Michigan Department of Education. The information includes Joyce Epstein of John Hopkins University six types of parent involvement that benefits your child and the National PTA’s six types and created six national standards for parent involvement that branched from Epstein’s. Epstein’s six types include parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at homes, decision making and collaborating with community. The National PTA’s standards include communicating, parenting, student learning, volunteering, school decision making and advocacy and collaborating with community. Parent involvement is an issue that all are concerned will affect the future of world. President Obama recently proposed to improve our education system. His speech to teachers, parents and students included an address of parent involvement. Proposed Program Research will begin with collecting information from different internet sources. Information retrieved from sources will be reviewed. Four questions will be evaluated when determining appropriate information. * What are the types of parent involvement? How does parent involvement effect student achievement? * How can teachers/schools help encourage parent involvement? * What are obstacles of parent involvement? The information gathered will be the fundamental information to apply to the research report. Due to school being out of session and time constraints, observation of students’ achievement due to parent involvement is not suitable. Qualifications and Experience Growing up with a mother as a teacher, a lot of my life has been spent inside a classroom. Volunteering in the classroom and at school sponsored event I have seen the decline of parent involvement. Within the past five years the amount of parents and/or family members that bring students to events has dropped drastically. I have seen children bring their book bags to school with the previous days notes still inside, untouched. Witnessing my mother touch lives of children has led me into the same profession. My college education courses have given me the opportunity to observe students at Freeland Middle School and Willie E. Thompson Middle School. Parent involvement showed through the amount of homework turned in by students. Patterns developed with students’ overtime. Attending a district for thirteen years and now coaching in the neighboring district I have seen differentiation in parent involvement numbers. My district is multi-cultural and predominantly poor to middle class. The district I coach in is mostly Caucasians and middle class. When these two schools play each other in sporting events the amount of parent, family and community support is evident.

Immigration and the 2016 Presidential Election of the United States - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4230 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Politics Essay Topics: Presidential Election Essay Did you like this example? To what extent did cultural, political, demographic, socioeconomic, and historic factors concerning Mexican immigration affect voter turnout and outcome of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election? INTRODUCTION The U.S. Presidential Election of 2016 was perhaps one of the most complex and polarizing elections in U.S. History. Political ideologies between Americans were strained to the extent that relations between the peoples of the U.S. were slowed or destroyed entirely: especially on the stance of Mexican immigration more specifically. Looking back on past perspectives of Mexican immigration from American citizens, opinions have fluctuated and often during times of national economic hardship or war. For example, â€Å"the American public adopted a more [welcoming] outlook on international migration following World War II† (Morris). Today, Americans are torn apart by the underlying and complex factors behind immigration such as the economics behind the labor force, humanitarian ethics for those seeking political asylum, and the cultural elements that immigrants bring to the United States. Moreover, immigration attitudes also differ by national origin group, citizenship status, and r egion of the country (Espenshade Hempstead). Using research and comparative analysis of data, the following questions will be addressed. How might the past attitudes affect todays? To what extent did cultural, political, demographic, socioeconomic, and historic factors concerning Mexican immigration affect voter turnout and outcome of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Immigration and the 2016 Presidential Election of the United States" essay for you Create order A HISTORY OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION IN AMERICA As an outcome of the Mexican-American War, Mexico suffered massive amounts of lost territory including Texas and soon to be states: California: New Mexico: Arizona: and Nevada. Under the ideals of Manifest Destiny, Americans were looking to expand westward as it was seen to be God’s intentions. The creation of the Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 made this possible, thus creating the first transcontinental railway enabling thousands of Americans to migrate west. At the same time, President Diaz of Mexico was looking to expand the Mexican population into the north by also building his own system of railways. As a result, â€Å"the almost simultaneous development of railroad networks in both countries, as well as agricultural expansion in the United States, gave birth to a bi-national labour market in which an increasing accumulation of Mexican workers with experience in both sectors sustained a large portion of the expansion of these activities in the neighbour country to the nort h, the U.S.† (Sicremi). Furthermore, the U.S. would see more Mexican labourers working on these farms and railways in the developing west. This initial impression of the strong Hispanic workforce appealed promising to Americans. They saw the potential of these workers and their capabilities to expand the American economy and began to utilize Mexican migration. For instance, The first program allowing contract workers to enter on a massive scale was between 1917 and 1921 in response to World War I, exempting them from the literacy tests that applies to most immigrants from other regions, like Asia for example (Aguila, et al.). As a result, Mexicans dominated the labour workforce due to a lack of ethnic competition. These workers would remain in the United States until the The Great Depression hit. Jobs became more competitive and white Americans began to feel threatened by immigration as they did before with the Chinese Exclusion Acts of 1882. The total number of Mexicans deported for this reason is calculated to be more than half a million (Durand Massey; Carreras). Following up to World War II, Americans again â€Å"adopted a more liberal outlook on international migration† (Morris). Thereby, instituting the Bracero Program of 1942: â€Å"a binational treaty for the temporary employment of Mexican farmworkers in the United states † (Aguila, et al.). As an increase in demand for agricultural workers began to grow, the temporary World War II measure was extended up until 1964. As a result, the Bracero Program of 1942 allowed about 5 million temporary migrant workers into the United States (Aguila, et al). However despite this program, undocumented immigration was still a major source of Mexican labour in the United States. In fact, the amount of arrests made by United States immigration authorities was 5.2 million, greater than the amount of the admitted (Morales). In order to stop this, the U.S. instituted the quota-based Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965; their first attempt to stall Mexican immigration. The INA would restrict legal immigration under the ideal that only 20,000 visas should be granted to the countries of the entire western hemisphere: thus forcing Mexican immigrants to compete with neighboring nations for admission (Aguila et al.) As a result, undocumented immigration increased rapidly. According to Morales, â€Å"Apprehension of these migrants tripled in the first five years after the termination of the â€Å"bracero program†; going from forty thousand annual incidents during the first five-year period of the 1960’s to 120 thousand in the second five-year period; it was five-fold during the 70’s (670 thousand incidents), and reached almost one million incidents or more between 1977 and 1985, reaching 1.6 million in 1986† (Morales). To counter this, the United States produced the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986. The IRCA cracked down on immigrants by increasing immigration enforcement by 50% and imposing sanctions against employers of the undocumented. However, it did grant amnesty to long term aliens, increased budgets for worksite inspections, and even granted programs for the legalization of agricultural workers. (Aguila, et al). This was necessary to gain the political support of the liberals by making compromises such as amnesty and workplace benefits in order to pass the legislation. In order to fight against liberal lawmakers and illegal immigration a wave of neo-restrictionist [conservative] sentiment emerged late in the 1970s and early 1980s as public opinion began to oppose immigrant s and refugees (Espenshade Hempstead; Simon). In 1971, Richard Nixon declared drug abuse â€Å"public enemy number one† and later the â€Å"war on drugs† as illegal drug smuggling through immigration began to worsen pressuring the Federal Government to take further action. With little effect on slowing illegal immigration, the Federal Government revised and instituted domestic laws in the 1990s, including The Immigration Act of 1990. The new immigration act took significant action by increasing the number of U.S Border Patrol Agents, providing funding for fencing in San Diego, developing new military technology, wiretapping, and increasing penalties for smugglers and aliens alike (Aguila et al). As the United States grew further into the 21st century, neo-restrictionist sentiment would grow stronger under the Republican party as the image of Mexicans began to worsen under the public eye due to drug criminalization. In addition, Liberals started to become the political vehicle for immigrants, legal or not, to push f or pro-immigrant agendas such as amnesty, government assistance, and protection in workforces where Hispanics are populous. THE ECONOMICS OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION According to Hainmueller Hopkins, â€Å"one approach to immigration attitudes takes economic self-interest as its starting point. In this view, the native born perceive immigrants as competitors and will oppose immigrants if they have skill profiles and occupations similar to their own,† (Hainmueller Hopkins). Furthermore, â€Å"one’s job security is the crucial source of opposition to immigration. The threat of economic competition from today’s immigrants is generally seen as greatest in the low-skill, low-wage occupations, such as agriculture and entry-level positions† (Citrin, et al). Historically, Mexican immigrants have dominated in these areas, in fact ever since these immigrants arrived on U.S. soil they’ve been agriculturally invested. The argument continues by the belief that native workers may lose their jobs or opportunity and that in these industries wages may depress. Many argue that illegal Mexican immigrants impose increasingly heav y fiscal burdens on state and local governments concerning taxes through government programs such as welfare. The Federal Government itself has been sued by several state governors with claims concerning the costs of providing services to illegal immigrants (Brinkley). Thus anti-immigration preferences can be predicted by ones anxiety over the amount of taxes one pays, whether they reside in states with high taxes, or whether one lives in areas where there are large concentrations of immigrants (Citrin, et al). It is found by Kluegel and Smith that â€Å"even low-skilled and uneducated whites have been found to express racism because of the glut of unskilled immigrants† (Kluegel Smith). According to Hainmueller and Hopkins, â€Å"immigration policy will be decided on the basis of peoples’ racial attitudes†¦ [and] that economic insecurity may manifest itself in racial prejudice† (Hainmueller Hopkins). Immigrants may also pose a threat to other voting minorities such as African-Americans who operate under the same workforce. In contrast to those who are of lower socioeconomic class, economically successful natives may view continued and/or increased influxes of low-skilled, less educated immigrants as a potential economic drain among the upper class considering taxes and government funded programs for Mexican immigrants (Hood Morris). It is noted that when the economy appears to be doing well, civilians are more open to immigration while on the contrary is also common for these immigrants to be blamed for economic hardships. According to Gimpel Edwards, â€Å"many investigators have noted that opposition to immigration rises during recessionary periods (Gimpel Edwards). Simultaneously, increased restriction of legal immigration, if it has any effect on undocumented migration, is likely to generate an increase in the level of undocumented immigration; hence, an even greater incr ease at the expense of the documented population through taxes† (Hood Morris). In a 1992 study by the American National Election Study (ANES), it was detected that â€Å"fully 80% of [a] sample favored a residency requirement of at least one year before immigrants would be eligible for many government benefits† [including welfare, medicaid, and food stamps] (ANES). Leading up to the 2016 election, opinions became increasingly polarized between the Democrats and Republicans. The Democrats stood representing the immigrants while the Republicans refused to tolerate illegal immigration no longer. Moreover, â€Å"taking all into account [when considering the differences between the two primaries], pessimism about the national economy, beliefs about the negative consequences of immigration for jobs and taxes, and relatively â€Å"cool† feelings towards Hispanic are statistically significant predictors of support for reducing the level of immigration and delaying bene fits for those admitted† (Citrin, et al.). THE CULTURAL DYNAMICS OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION As immigrants have settled over the generations and assimilated to American culture, the fear of xenophobia and nativism still exists in the hearts of many Anglo-Americans today. Cultural aspects of the Mexican immigrant population may appear to be harmful to the ideals of Americans and may sway many to oppose welcoming immigrants. In recent years, â€Å"the immigrant population has grown rapidly, and it now stands at over 40 million† according to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2011. Motivated by this statistic, scholars and researchers have attained the desire to further understand immigration attitudes and whether these attitudes are primarily influenced by economic competition, ethnocentrism, concerns about norms, and national identity (Hainmueller Hopkins). Anecdotal evidence is provided by Huntington during the U.S.-Mexico soccer match in Los Angeles of 1998, where the U.S. national anthem was booed and American players were assaulted by Mexican-Americans. This behavior indic ates a dramatic rejection of American identity, which is an integral feature of the supposed cultural threat posed by Hispanic Immigrants to American society (Huntington). From speaking English to celebrating American national holidays, assimilation to the American culture is essential for an immigrant to survive and be accepted. A study by Hainmueller and Hopkins found that there are â€Å"two types of explanations [to justify attitudes towards immigration]- sociotropic explanations and norms-based explanations-[and these] receive strong support† (Hainmueller Hopkins). When considering immigration, Americans approve of immigrants who are well educated, highly skilled, and who are planning to work and contribute to the progression of society. The notion of a productive immigrant is based on the idea that these individuals will survive on their own without draining resources such as government aid: American tax dollars (Hainmueller Hopkins). In contrast, the majority of Mexi can undocumented immigrants do not have one of these qualities, suggesting why many Americans are opposed to immigration. In order to appeal to the fear of Americans, Trump paints his own image of Mexican immigrants and goes as far to say, â€Å"[Mexican immigrants] are rapists†¦ but some, I assume are good people†¦ [Mexico takes] advantage of the United States by using illegal immigration to export the crime and poverty† (Make America Great Again! Donald J. Trump for President). Trump was able to gain substantial support from these claims (refer to demographics) as well as critical skepticism in the eyes of opposing political opponents and liberals. Trump’s language and rhetoric became very damaging to the reputations of the Mexican populous, legal or not. In fact, according to Burns Gimpel, â€Å"the more the term ‘immigrant’ becomes associated with negatively-stereotyped minority groups, the more likely immigration policy will be decided on the basis of racial attitudes and this is exactly what happened† (Burns Gimpel). Furthermore a study by Kteily and B runeau found that â€Å"Latino residents- one of the groups regularly on the receiving ends of dehumanizing rhetoric in the United States during the 2016 election cycle- perceived that their group is strongly dehumanized in the eyes of Republicans, especially Donald Trump†(Kteily Bruneau). A justified prediction can be draw from this: the fear of immigrants would urge Americans to vote but those who felt attacked or dehumanized were also ushered to the polls in an attempt to combat oppressive Republicans (Kteily Bruneau). However, the undocumented Mexican population cannot exercise the right to vote but instead must advocate for representation at the polling boxes to gain political support. THE POLITICS OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION Donald Trump’s plan on handling immigration is to build a wall across the U.S.-Mexico border and deport 11 million unauthorized immigrants (Make America Great Again! Donald J. Trump for President). Trump also plans to reverse Obama’s executive orders that provide temporary legal status to some unauthorized immigrants in order to â€Å"put American workers first† (Martin). On the other hand, Hillary Clinton wanted to push for comprehensive immigration reform that protects families while still protecting borders and national security (Winders). When Donald Trump brought up the idea of deporting all immigrants, it sparked controversy of pro-immigration vs anti-immigration and essentially the political divide between Republican and Democrats. In other words, the conservative agenda of preserving American culture combats the progression and modernization of a novel culture. Division to this extent has been brought up in similar ways throughout our past known as the Mi nutemen Project. The Minutemen Project was an anti-immigration organization made by citizens to, â€Å"serve as part of a blocking force against entry into the U.S. by illegal aliens† (Mastro et al.). The Minutemen believed that immigrants caused cultural, economic, and security threats to the United States and would retaliate by utilizing local and state governments to limit immigrant rights or by using violence like the Garden Grove incident in 2005. Similar to the Minutemen project was Proposition 187 of Los Angeles California. Throughout most of the 1990’s, the political battle lines of the immigration debate were largely drawn in states bordering Mexico. Within these states, pressure mounted among citizen-activists for local and state leaders to address issues posed by the increasingly large immigrant population (Branton, et al.). This action denied illegal migrants access to government aid and social services; thus, making life in America very difficult. One commonality between these two anti-immigration ideas is the tremendous media attention, that resulted in rallies and protest on both sides. Looking at Donald Trump’s point of view, it can be determined that controversial issues brought up by them have resulted in cultural issues as well. One example of this is when he â€Å"linked immigration and terrorism, asserting that several terrorist attacks in the U.S. were carried out by immigrants, or the children of immigrants† (Martin). This depiction of immigrants being said by someon e who is now considered a national representative creates the idea that all immigrants are â€Å"terrorists†. Research has proved and examined the ability language and communication of stereotypes has on creating unconscious biases that can perpetuate stereotypical notions (Maass, et al). This can be explained by the News Coverage of Immigration where â€Å"attitudes toward immigration are interconnected with people’s perceptions of the ethnic minority group as a wholemedia coverage of Latino Americans and Latino immigrants†¦ echo this trend, as media portrayals of both groups emphasize stereotypes such as drugs and criminality, depicting Latinos as a threat to the White majority group.†(Mastro et al.). This supports the notion that when people hear the word â€Å"terrorist† associated with immigrants, they perceive all immigrants as terrorist rather than looking at the individuals that cause the terrorist acts. It also limits perspectives on Hillary Clinton’s side because it was mentioned that people did not want to be supportive of immigrants that were apart of terrorist acts. According to a peer reviewed article A Call for Sanctuary it says, â€Å"Trump’s campaign strategy, notably the misogynistic demonization of ClintonClinton was the face of Washington elitism and corruption, the establishment that had forsaken American jobs. It all worked, to stunning effect† (Ngai). Surprisingly, this strategy flirted with the problems of immigration in Trump’s favor. Not only did he create an image of Latino immigrants as destructive, he managed to target the other candidates to elicit fear in the minds of voters. This essentially proves that people were s ubconsciously making stereotypic biases against immigrants because of the words Donald Trump used to portray immigrants. Here are the statistics behind this. VOTER TURNOUT AND DEMOGRAPHICS Results by county Republican = 40% Republican = 50% Republican = 60% Republican = 70% Republican = 80% Republican = 90% Democrat = 40% Democrat = 50% Democrat = 60% Democrat = 70% Democrat = 80% *Dubuque, Ray, et al. â€Å"2016 US Presidential Election Map By County Vote Share.† Brilliant Maps, 29 Nov. 2016, 20 November 2018, brilliantmaps.com/2016-county-election-map/. Electoral Results by State *â€Å"2016 United States Presidential Election.† Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Jan. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election. States closer to the border as predicted would vote in favor of Trump as the issue of illegal immigration was very close to home and a great issue.For example, non-border states in the 1990s experienced massive Hispanic population growth, especially in the south and southeastern states, where populations of Hispanics grew up to 70% (Branton et al). Due to these higher concentrations of Hispanics, these states were awarded to Trump as the majority population was comprised of mostly conservative anglos who feared immigrants would not culturally assimilate or take American jobs as Trump imposed. According to Pew Research, â€Å"on the contrary compared to Trump’s voter turnout, Hillary managed to achieve 66% of the Hispanic participating vote† (Pew Research). Drawing this into conclusion, it was found that Hispanics make up the majority (70-91%) of undocumented populations from the states bordering the U.S.-Mexico border: California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It was also found that states with greater Hispanic populations tended to lean more democratic and those with lower Hispanics populations belonged to the Republicans due to overruling Anglo population. From this information, it can be determined that states along the U.S.-Mexico border did experience a significant undocumented Hispanic population which proves the ability to accurately predict a state’s popular vote. CONCLUSION Trump played a vital role in the polarization of the nation between the downsides of immigration and the questionable language used to describe immigrants. The economic and social anxieties on immigration were perhaps the driving forces of Trump’s argument which was supported by tariffs and tax cuts in order to stimulate the economy. Grasping to remain in power, blue-collar white Americans went to the polls to protect their beliefs on immigration as so did those in favor of immigration. Political debate between Republicans and Democrats on neo-restrictionism and economic disputes would lead to a greater voter turnout. In effect, factors concerning economics and neo-restrictionism prompted the majority of Americans to oppose Mexican immigration; hence, to otherwise agree with Trumps agenda leading to his Presidency. As well as his own person greed coming to politics, Trump believed that Mexican immigrants were taking American jobs, while asking for government welfare and assist ance. In reality, most immigrants never ask for government assistance, because of their culture. In most Mexican families, they take care of their own from child to grandparent, whether its money or a roof over their head. Also, the statement of Trump saying that Mexican immigrants is further disputed through the evidence provided in the recent paragraphs. Trump uses the fact that the few blue collar workers left in America are operated by mostly immigrants and a few low income American citizens. That argument of â€Å"taking jobs† is only relative to the hard jobs that most Mexican-Americans dont even have. Blaming Mexican immigrants for â€Å"taking American jobs† was not only a false scare tactic, but instead a cover up for Trump’s fear. He fears non-assimilation and economic burden from Immigrants. Thus, he must preserve the traditional anglo-American culture because immigrants will destroy it otherwise. In effect, factors concerning economics and neo-restrictionism prompted the majority of Americans to oppose Mexican immigration; hence, the agreements with Trumps agenda and why he won Presidency. WORKS CITED Aguila, Emma, et al. â€Å"Immigration by the Numbers .† United States and Mexico, RAND Corporation, 15 November 2018, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg985rc.11 Brinkley, Joel. 1994. At Immigration, Disarray and Defeat. New York Times, v 143, 15th November 2018 Branton, Regina, et al. â€Å"All Along the Watchtower: Acculturation Fear, Anti-Latino Affect, and Immigration.† The Journal of Politics, vol. 73, no. 3, 2011, pp. 664–679., 17 November 2018, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1017/s0022381611000375. Bureau of Census. Resident Population By Race And State: 2015 [As Of July 1]. ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the U.S. 2016 Online Edition. Ed. ProQuest, 2016. Web: ProQuest Statistical Abstract, 16 November 2018, https://statabs-proquest-com.libproxy.pcc.edu/sa/docview.html?table-no=20acc-no=C7095-1.1year=2016z=BE3F5C5757C44E23359C8BACB85183204E7A6610 Burns, Peter, and James G. Gimpel. â€Å"Economic Insecurity, Prejudicial Stereotypes, and Public Opinion on Immigration Policy.† Political Science Quarterly, vol. 115, no. 2, 2000, pp. 201–225., 16 November 2018. Carreras, Mercedes. 1974. â€Å"Los Mexicanos Que Devolvià ³ La Crisis : 1929-1932†. Secretarà ­a De Relaciones Exteriores, 7 November 2018. Citrin, Jack, et al. â€Å"Public Opinion Toward Immigration Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations.† The Journal of Politics, vol. 59, no. 3, 1997, pp. 858–881., 9 November 2018, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2998640 Dubuque, Ray, et al. â€Å"2016 US Presidential Election Map By County Vote Share.† Brilliant Maps, 29 Nov. 2016, 20 November 2018, brilliantmaps.com/2016-county-election-map/. Durand, Jorge, and Douglas S. Massey. â€Å"Mexican Migration to the United States: A Critical Review.† Latin American Research Review, vol. 27, no. 2, 1992, pp. 3–42. JSTOR, JSTOR, 16 November 2018, www.jstor.org/stable/2503748. Espenshade, Thomas J., and Katherine Hempstead. â€Å"Contemporary American Attitudes Toward U.S. Immigration.† International Migration Review, vol. 30, no. 2, 1996, p. 535., 17 November 18, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2547393 â€Å"Estimated Illegal Immigrant Population, by State, 2014.† Pew Research Centers Hispanic Trends Project, Pew Research Centers Hispanic Trends Project, 3 Nov. 2016, www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/unauthorized-immigrants/. Gimpel, James, and James Edwards. 1999. â€Å"The Congressional Politics of Immigration Reform†, Boston: Allyn Bacon. 17 November 2018. Hainmueller, Jens, and Daniel J. Hopkins. â€Å"The Hidden American Immigration Consensus: A Conjoint Analysis of Attitudes toward Immigrants.† American Journal of Political Science, vol. 59, no. 3, 2014, pp. 529–548., 9th November 2018, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24583081 Hood, M. V., and Irwin L. Morris. â€Å"Give Us Your Tired, Your Poor, But Make Sure They Have a Green Card: The Effects of Documented and Undocumented Migrant Context on Anglo Opinion toward Immigration.† Political Behavior , Vol 20, 1 Mar. 1998, pp. 1–15., 16 November 2018, https://www.jstor.org/stable/586489 Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: the Challenges to Americas National Identity. Simon Schuster, 2005. Kluegel, J. R.and Smith, Eliot R. , Affirmative Action Attitudes: Effects of Self-interest, Racial Affect, and Stratification Beliefs on Whites Views, Social Forces 61 (March 1983): 797-824, 17 November 2018. Krogstad, Jens Manuel, et al. â€Å"Hispanic/Latino Vote.† Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 9 Nov. 2018, 17 November 2018 www.pewresearch.org/topics/hispaniclatino-vote/. 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